RUBONDO NATIONAL PARK
Rubondo National Park: A Complete Guide to Tanzania’s Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Rubondo National Park is one of Tanzania’s most unique and untouched wildlife destinations. Situated in the southwest corner of Lake Victoria, Rubondo Island is a lush, forested sanctuary covering approximately 457 square kilometers, making it the largest island national park in Africa.
What makes Rubondo truly special is its isolation and the diversity of ecosystems it protects – from dense tropical rainforests and papyrus swamps to sandy beaches and open grasslands. The park is home to a thriving population of chimpanzees, introduced in the 1960s as part of a pioneering conservation project.
Rubondo also serves as a sanctuary for other species, including sitatunga antelopes, elephants, giraffes, and a remarkable variety of birdlife. Its remote location and low visitor numbers make it one of Tanzania’s best-kept secrets – perfect for travelers seeking a peaceful and intimate connection with nature.
This guide will cover everything you need to know about Rubondo National Park, including the best time to visit, top things to do, and essential travel tips.
Overview of What We’ll Cover:
Why Rubondo National Park is unique
Best time to visit for wildlife and birdwatching
Top things to do and see on Rubondo Island
Wildlife highlights – including chimpanzees and rare antelopes
Practical travel and safari tips
Why Rubondo National Park is Unique
Rubondo National Park stands out as the only national park in Tanzania that is located entirely on an island. Its combination of forested and aquatic ecosystems creates a rare and diverse wildlife habitat.
Key features that make Rubondo unique:
Chimpanzee conservation project – A group of chimpanzees was introduced to Rubondo in the 1960s, and they have since adapted to the wild, creating a thriving population.
Island ecosystem – Rubondo’s mix of forest, swamp, and lake habitats supports a wide range of animals and birds.
Low tourist numbers – Fewer than 1,000 visitors visit Rubondo each year, ensuring a quiet and private safari experience.
Diverse wildlife – In addition to chimpanzees, the island is home to elephants, giraffes, crocodiles, hippos, and rare aquatic species like spotted-necked otters.
Rubondo’s isolation has allowed its wildlife to thrive with minimal human impact, making it one of the most pristine ecosystems in Africa.
Best Time to Visit Rubondo National Park
Rubondo National Park offers year-round wildlife viewing, but the best time to visit depends on your interests and the park’s seasonal changes.
June to October – Dry Season
Best time for chimpanzee tracking as trails are dry and easier to navigate.
Excellent time for game viewing as animals gather near water sources.
Less risk of mosquitoes and lower humidity.
November to May – Wet Season
Best time for birdwatching as migratory species arrive.
The park is lush and green, creating beautiful photography opportunities.
Higher chance of seeing hippos and crocodiles in the lake and swamps.
Chimpanzee tracking can be more challenging due to muddy trails.
Pro Tip: For the best balance of chimpanzee tracking and wildlife viewing, visit during the dry season between June and October.
Top Things to Do and See in Rubondo National Park
1. Chimpanzee Tracking
Chimpanzee tracking is the highlight of any visit to Rubondo. The chimpanzee population on the island was introduced in the 1960s as part of a unique rehabilitation project. Today, the population is thriving.
Chimpanzee tracking requires patience and a reasonable level of fitness, as the forest terrain can be challenging. Once you find a group of chimpanzees, watching them interact, play, and communicate in their natural habitat is a profound experience.
2. Birdwatching
Rubondo is a birdwatcher’s paradise with over 300 bird species recorded, including:
African fish eagle
Pied kingfisher
Malachite kingfisher
Yellow-billed stork
African grey parrot
The lakeshore and swampy areas attract large flocks of waterbirds, while the forest canopy is home to colorful songbirds and raptors.
3. Game Viewing
While Rubondo isn’t known for big game safaris, it does support a variety of large mammals, including:
Elephants
Giraffes
Hippos
Sitatunga antelopes
Bushbucks
4. Boating and Fishing
Lake Victoria is known for its large population of Nile perch, some of which weigh over 100 kg. Fishing excursions are available, and catch-and-release is encouraged to preserve the ecosystem.
Boat trips also offer a unique perspective on the park’s wildlife. Hippos, crocodiles, and monitor lizards are frequently seen along the shorelines.
5. Nature Walks and Hiking
Guided nature walks allow you to explore Rubondo’s forest and swamp habitats on foot. Experienced guides will help you spot plants, insects, and smaller animals that are often missed during game drives.
6. Canoeing
Canoeing along the lakeshore offers a peaceful way to explore the park. You may encounter hippos, crocodiles, and waterbirds while gliding through the calm waters.
Wildlife Highlights – What to Look For
Chimpanzees
The chimpanzees of Rubondo are one of the park’s greatest success stories. Observing their complex social interactions is a rare and rewarding experience.
Sitatunga Antelopes
Sitatunga are shy and elusive antelopes adapted to swampy environments. Their long, splayed hooves allow them to move easily through wetlands.
Hippos and Crocodiles
Hippos and crocodiles are common along the lakeshore and in the park’s swamps.
Elephants and Giraffes
Although less common than in mainland parks, elephants and giraffes are occasionally spotted near the park’s forest edges.
African Grey Parrots
Rubondo is one of the few places in Tanzania where wild African grey parrots can be seen. Their distinct calls and bright feathers make them easy to identify.
Travel and Safari Tips
1. Getting There
Rubondo is accessible by charter flights from Dar es Salaam, Arusha, and Mwanza.
A boat transfer from the mainland takes approximately 90 minutes.
2. Choose the Right Accommodation
Rubondo has limited but comfortable options, including luxury tented camps and lodges.
Booking early is essential due to limited capacity.
3. Pack Smart
Lightweight, moisture-wicking clothing for humid weather.
Neutral colors to avoid disturbing wildlife.
Insect repellent and sunscreen are essential.
4. Respect Wildlife
Keep a safe distance from animals.
Follow your guide’s instructions during chimpanzee tracking.
Avoid loud noises to prevent disturbing the animals.
Interesting Facts About Rubondo National Park
Rubondo was declared a national park in 1977.
The chimpanzees were introduced from European zoos and have successfully adapted to the wild.
Rubondo Island is one of the few places where sitatunga antelopes can be seen in Tanzania.
The park’s location in Lake Victoria makes it home to unique aquatic species.
